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In
this research “Crisis of Social Trust in Afghanistan” has been investigated
as a social problem. At the beginning we have tried to define what is
a social problem? According to social scientists social problems arise
when institutions become dysfunctional or functions negatively.
Goal
of this research:
To identify scientifically what are the causes of “Crisis of Social
Trust in Afghanistan” and show solutions
A. The main question of this research project is as follow: What are
the main causes of Crisis of Social Trust in Afghanistan?
B. Other questions:
1- Could contradiction between tradition and modernization, specifically
contradiction between social values of existing people and tribes of
our society with enlightenments of the society account for lack of trust
among people?
2- Could state functions results distrust between people and the state?
3- Does the existing tribal splits and contradictions or lack of trust
among ethnic groups in Afghanistan originate from ethnic monopolistim?
Research
Hypotheses:
1- Contradiction between traditional social values and desired enlighten
are the causes of mistrust between people and enlighten
2- State incorrect functions and actions are the cause of lack of trust
between people and enlighten.
3- Tribal monopolism is one of the main causes of mistrust between the
ethnic groups in Afghanistan.
Research
Methods:
In order to achieve the research goals and to examine the above mentioned
hypotheses, we utilized descriptive survey research method. First, we
conducted exploratory and theoretical investigation and formulated our
research theoretical framework and our research model and then we developed
our questionnaire. After that we selected our research sample for our
research. Based on random sampling we selected 500 individual from 12
districts of Kabul city and 5 districts from Kabul province and then
we started collection of data and information. With finishing the data
coding, we entered our data in to computer, and by using the SPSS program,
we described and analyzed our data and finally we concluded our research.
The outputs of this research are as follow:
1- The final report of Crisis of Social Trust in Afghanistan is published.
2- We will convene conferences where will invite the official of the
government and civil society, representatives from research centers
and universities’ lecture in order to communicate the findings of this
research for them.
The
outcome of this project on the basis of the mentioned hypotheses is
as follow:
1- Most of our respondents in relation to their needs to be addressed
by the state do not trust the state. Out of the total percentages of
the respondents who answered the question regarding this issue in relation
to six choices (Very little, little, average much, very much and do
not know) 65.4 percent of them responded to the very little or little
level trust in the state.
2- The scales of satisfaction of more then 60% of the people regarding
social services of the state have been indicated very low and the satisfaction
level of 24.2% of the people who expressed their felling is average.
3- Regarding provision of general order and security 24.6% of the respondents
showed the success of state very low and low and 33.4% evaluated it
average.
4- The scale of mistrust of people towards the state in relation to
administrative corruption is very high. Seventy five percent of the
respondents have indicated their mistrust very much.
5- More than 80% of the respondents indicated the mistrust of the people
towards the state because of taken into consideration the personal relations
instead of law in recruitment of governmental officials. Also it has
been indicated that the state does not trust the people because they
do not obey the law.
6- Unemployment and low income in our society plays an important economic
role in creating mistrust of the people towards the state. In each of
these situations more them 70% of the respondents indicated that the
impacts of unemployment and low income are much and very much in creating
the mistrust of the people’s toward the state. Our findings statically
have confirmed our first hypothesis. Thus we can claim that people opinion
about inappropriate functions and actions of the state is one of the
main cause of mistrust towards the state.
Our second hypothesis which was about ethnocentrism according to statistics
obtained has been also confirmed. Six percent of our respondents confirmed
that ethnocentrism is very much a cause for mistrust among people, which
is very weak indicator:
About 40,4 percent of the respondents indicated that the effects of
obtaining of the ethnic group supremacy is very much and 25.40% indicated
that it is much.
About 52% of the respondents indicated that the existence of ethnocentric
parties effects are very high regarding mistrust among tribal people
and 25.2 % indicated this effect is much.
Regarding fair and just dealing of other ethnic groups in respect to
sending their legal wants and interests, 60% of the respondents indicated
this scale very low, low and range.
More than 70% of the respondents confirmed the effects of tribal interest,
poor education low level of literacy and about three decade of wars,
interference of foreigners in our internal affairs to create mistrust
among different ethnic groups in our society, very much. More than 60%
of the respondents blame the effects of the previous government actions
for this issue and rate this effect very much. War between some ethnic
groups also created mistrust among different ethnic groups.
These statistics precisely confirmed the second hypothesis of this research
project. Therefore, we can claim that the ethnocentrism phenomenon in
Afghanistan could be one of the factors of mistrust among different
ethnic groups in Afghanistan.
Our
third hypothesis was about the mistrust between people and the enlighten
our findings confirmed this hypothesis as well.
In orders to describe different dimensions of a problem the matter of
research took into account impacts of gender , age, level of educations
ethnicity, occupation as well as marital status into consideration.
Taken all these variables into account, in some cases we did not see
a significant difference. In some cases if there were some differences,
they were minor.
Categorically, we have to conclude that the scales of social trust crisis
and mistrust in our society is so high that the effects of variables
such as gender, age, level of education, occupation, marital status
and tribal characteristics are not very much observable. In sum the
crisis of social trust really exists in our country and it is a real
social problem. The outputs and results of this research tell us that
we have to pay serious attention to this problem.
We recommend a few numbers of mechanisms in order to
get red of these visions and witched problem from our nation and our
country as follow:
1. In order to attract people trust, and benefit from its value, the
state should develop a very well organized and appropriate plan to meet
people’s basic needs.
2. In order to address the problem of mistrust among different ethnic
groups, the state should try to institionalize more general national
and humanitarian social values in the country.
3. The causes of crisis of trust and mistrust among the people and the
enlighten. Needs close attention from side of the state authorities
as well as from the enlighten. Side this problem needs developmental
and general awareness planning for people in order to address this problem.
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