| “Causes
of Political Instability in Afghanistan” has been investigated as a
problem in Afghanistan. Essentially, it was tried to define what is
political instability? According to politicians, this problem arises
when the internal and external causes join to emerge it.
Goal
of the research
To identify scientifically what are the “Causes of political instability
in Afghanistan”:
A. The main question of the project is as follow: What is political
instability and what are the main causes of political instability in
Afghanistan?
B. Other questions:
1- What is political instability?
2- Is political instability threatened in Afghanistan?
3- What are the causes of political instability in Afghanistan?
4- How political instability could be finished?
Research Hypotheses:
1- Political instability is a prerequisite for any kind of development.
2- Afghanistan is faced with threatened political instability.
3- There are internal and external causes to emerge political instability
in Afghanistan.
4- Recognition of internal and external causes is an option to solve
the political instability problems in Afghanistan.
Research
Methods:
In order to achieve the research goals and to examine the above mentioned
hypotheses, a survey was carried conducted. First, an exploratory and
theoretical investigation was carried out, the research theoretical
framework and research model was formulated then the questionnaire was
developed. Afterwards, the research sample was selected. Based on random
sampling 500 individual from 12 districts of Kabul city and 5 districts
from Kabul province was selected and then the collection of data and
information was started. After finishing the data coding, on the bases
of the SPSS program the data was computerized. The data was described,
analyzed and finally concluded.
The outputs of this research are as follow:
1- The final report of Causes of political instability in Afghanistan
is published.
2- We will convene conferences where the officials, governmental and
civil society, representatives from research centers and universities’
lecturers will be invited in order to communicate the findings of this
research.
The outcome of the project on the basis of the mentioned hypotheses
is as follow:
The first hypothesis (political
stability is a prerequisite for development of the country) according
to statistics obtained has been also confirmed. About 82 percent of
the respondents confirmed that political stability is presented in Afghanistan
and is a factual problem for development of Afghanistan.
Unemployment and low income in our society plays an important economical
role in creating mistrust of the people towards the state. About 93
percent of the respondents indicated that the effects of poverty and
unemployment are very much and much on political instability that affected
on development of Afghanistan.
Therefore, we can claim that the political stability, eradication of
poverty and unemployment and reconstruction in Afghanistan could be
a number of the factors which hinder development of Afghanistan.
The second hypothesis on measurement
of threatened of political stability in Afghanistan also has been confirmed:
Most of the respondents in relation to scale of threat of political
instability believe that, it is much threatened in Afghanistan. Out
of the total percentages of the respondents who answered the question
regarding this issue in relation to five choices (Very much, much, average,
little, much little) 63.8 percent of them have selected very much and
1 percent to very little.
The third hypothesis on effects
of internal and external causes that originate political instability
in Afghanistan and the enlighten findings confirmed this hypothesis
as well.
Regarding the effects of state
achievements on political instability in Afghanistan, 63.8 percent of
respondents indicated very much and 21.8 percent much.
Regarding the effect of social
fragmentation in Afghanistan 53.6 percent of the respondents showed
its role very much and 4 percent little, about 24.6 percent of the respondents
have indicated their trust very much and 28.4 percent much regarding
mutuality of modernism with traditions that may emerge political instability
in Afghanistan. About 27.8 percent scaled this mutuality in average
and 17.8 percent little and very little.
About 52.4 percent of the respondents indicated that the return of migrants
and replacement of internal displaced people are the main causes of
political instability in Afghanistan.
About 47.4 percent believed the opposite of it.
The role of in-coordination and dilatory process of DDR has been scaled
by 74.8 percent respondents of the very much and much important in emerging
political instability in Afghanistan.
Regarding poppy cultivation and
opium trafficking and its effects on emerging political instability
in Afghanistan, 56.8 percent of respondents scale it very much, 18.8
percent much and 12.2 average.
Lack of rule of law was also questioned.
About 66.4 percent confirmed its importance very much and 23.4 percent
much.
The question of civil society
and political parties effects on emerge of political instability was
scaled by 30.4 percent very much and 22.8 percent much.
Crisis of trust and its role in political instability in Afghanistan
was another question designed to obtain respondents ideas about the
government’s legitimacy and its effect on political instability. About
63 percent of the respondents approved its effects and 33.8 percent
rejected it.
The effect of Islamic fundamentalists and Taliban’s dominance in some
areas of Afghanistan was scaled 57.2 percent very much and 22.8 percent
much in causing political instability in Afghanistan.
Regarding weakness of justice sector, 54 percent of respondents replied
that it is very much and 30.2 percent much important in emerging political
instability in Afghanistan.
Low level of education and public awareness question has been scaled
by 64 percent very much and by 23 percent much important in emerge of
political instability in Afghanistan
One of the external causes of political instability is considered great
powers game. This question has been scaled by 81.6 percent of total
respondents very much and much.
The effects of Intervention of neighboring countries that been indicated
as of the more fundamental dimensions of external causes of political
instability rated as follow:
Pakistan 43.6 percent
Iran 26. 2 percent
Russia 10.3 percent
America 16.41percent
Britain 3.36 percent
Regarding role of United Nations
and international community 36.6 percent of the respondents replied
that it is very much important in relations to emerge of political instability
in Afghanistan, while 20.2 percent of the people rated this issue much.
About 18.4 percent of the respondents
confirmed that political stability was very dood during the communist
regime and about 20.2 indicated it was good. About 4.6 percent of respondents
confirmed that the effects of the mojahidin regime was very good, about
8.4 percent indicated it was good and 16.4 percent indicated that it
was average. About 4 percent of the respondents believed that political
stability was very good during Taliban regime, 7.6 percent believed
it was good and 14.4 percent rated average. About 10.2 percent of he
respondents believed that the political stability is very good in current
regime, 24.6 percent good and 41. 8 percent believed that it is average.
The findings confirmed the third
hypothesis statically. Thus the people believed that internal and external
factors as the main causes of political instability in Afghanistan.
The fourth hypothesis also has been confirmed by the total analysis
of findings. The final result and recommendations are prepared as whole
project at the end of the report.
Categorically, we have to conclude
that the scales of political instability in our country is so high that
the effects of variables such as gender, age, level of education, occupation,
marital status and tribal characteristics are not very much different
and observable. In conclusion, the crisis of political instability really
exists in our country and it is a factual problem. The outputs and results
of the research require state and the people of Afghanistan to pay serious
attention to this problem.
A few numbers of mechanisms is
recommend in order to get red of these evil problem from our nation
and our country as follow:
1. Since poverty is one of the main challenges for political stability
in our country, eradication of it needs international society’s assistance
and support to Afghan government and struggle with this phenomenon.
In order to attract people trust and benefit from its value, the state
should develop a very well organized and appropriate plan to meet people’s
basic needs.
2. Raising awareness of people and development of education system in
Afghanistan is one the fundamental needs of our country. In order to
address the problem of illiteracy and low level of education, the state
should try to institutionalize more general national policies and attract
international community support. Educational and cultural development
of the nation need a fair planning in order to implement a real balanced
developmental program for all provinces and all ethnic groups equally
in the country.
3. Bringing reform in justice sector, elimination of corruption and
raising legal awareness of the people are the best options to take into
consideration an to follow them.
4. Eradication of poppy cultivation and control of opium traffic is
one of the main tasks of the state. Human development and socio-economic
development of society in general needs serious attention from the state
side.
5. Gathering the weapons and DDR program should be implemented seriously.
A few numbers of mechanisms is recommend in order to get red of these
evil problem from our nation and our country as follow:
1. Since poverty is one of the main challenges for political stability
in our country, eradication of it needs international society’s assistance
and support to Afghan government and struggle with this phenomenon.
In order to attract people trust and benefit from its value, the state
should develop a very well organized and appropriate plan to meet people’s
basic needs.
2. Raising awareness of people and development of education system in
Afghanistan is one the fundamental needs of our country. In order to
address the problem of illiteracy and low level of education, the state
should try to institutionalize more general national policies and attract
international community support. Educational and cultural development
of the nation need a fair planning in order to implement a real balanced
developmental program for all provinces and all ethnic groups equally
in the country.
3. Bringing reform in justice sector, elimination of corruption and
raising legal awareness of the people are the best options to take into
consideration an to follow them.
4. Eradication of poppy cultivation and control of opium traffic is
one of the main tasks of the state. Human development and socio-economic
development of society in general needs serious attention from the state
side.
5. Gathering the weapons and DDR program should be implemented seriously.
|
